Is it possible to attach event to browser geolocation request state?
When bar is visible show arrow to user... something like this:
BTW, You're going down a dark path of having to have a different help text for various versions of browsers/types/etc.
For instance, Firefox 29.0.1 permission window:
In any event, I would suggest a variation of Nerdicus recommendation:
Instead of defaulting to show the arrow & then just hiding it when the JavaScript gets called, I would default display: none;, and then trigger a .show() right before you make the geolocation request to reduce your "flicker", and then hide it in your success/error callback.
Additionally, in your success handler, you can create a cookie (probably at the session level)
$.cookie("geoperm", "true")
Then you can check for existing permissions before showing the tooltip:
if (navigator.geolocation) {
// Show the arrow here, but only if there isn't a cookie stating we have permissions
if(!$.cookie("geoperm")) $("#geo-helper").show();
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success, error);
} else {
error('not supported');
}