I would like to solve this equation in Mathematica :
DSolve[{p'[r] == 1/((r^2)*(((R - S)/(R^3)) - (1/(r^2)*(1 - S/r)))^(1/2))}, p[r], r]
but I have some supplementary conditions:
S
is a strictly positive realR > 3*sqrt(3)*S/2
r in ]R, +infinity]
I am a beginner with Mathematica so how to specify these conditions ?
Your existing code appears to produce a solution (albeit large) on Mathematica 8
sol = DSolve[{p'[r] ==
1/((r^2)*(((R - S)/(R^3)) - (1/(r^2)*(1 - S/r)))^(1/2))}, p[r], r]
You can add the additional constraints on the solution, as part of the simplification. It doesn't appear to make a significant difference. Were you expecting something different?
Simplify[sol, {S, R} \[Element] Reals && S > 0 && R > 3*sqrt (3)*S/2]
Minor Correction
FullSimplify[sol, {S, R} \[Element] Reals && S > 0 && R > 3*sqrt (3)*S/2]
Appears to simplify some of the terms, but only a little.