Getopt not included? implicit declaration of function ‘getopt’

Question

I wanted to use getopt, but it just won't work.

It's giving me

gcc -g -Wall -std=c99 -ftrapv -O2 -Werror -Wshadow -Wundef -save-temps -Werror-implicit-function-declaration   -c -o src/main.o src/main.c
src/main.c: In function ‘main’:
src/main.c:13:2: error: implicit declaration of function ‘getopt’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
src/main.c:23:14: error: ‘optarg’ undeclared (first use in this function)
src/main.c:23:14: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
src/main.c:26:9: error: ‘optopt’ undeclared (first use in this function)
src/main.c:28:5: error: implicit declaration of function ‘isprint’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
src/main.c:36:5: error: implicit declaration of function ‘abort’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
src/main.c:36:5: error: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘abort’ [-Werror]
src/main.c:43:15: error: ‘optind’ undeclared (first use in this function)
cc1: all warnings being treated as errors
make: *** [src/main.o] Error 1

Here's the source if you wanna see it (almost exact copypasta from getopt manpage)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h> // getopt
#include "myfn.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

    int aflag = 0;
    int bflag = 0;
    char *cvalue = NULL;
    int c;

    while((c = getopt(argc, argv, "abc:")) != -1) {

        switch(c) {
            case 'a':
                aflag = 1;
                break;
            case 'b':
                bflag = 1;
                break;
            case 'c':
                cvalue = optarg;
                break;
            case '?':
                if (optopt == 'c')
                    fprintf (stderr, "Option -%c requires an argument.\n", optopt);
                else if (isprint(optopt))
                    fprintf (stderr, "Unknown option `-%c'.\n", optopt);
                else
                    fprintf (stderr, "Unknown option character `\\x%x'.\n", optopt);

                return 1;

            default:
                abort ();
        }

    }

    printf ("aflag = %d, bflag = %d, cvalue = %s\n", aflag, bflag, cvalue);

    for (int i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
        printf ("Non-option argument %s\n", argv[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}

Any ideas what I'm doing wrong?

I'm on Linux, so I assumed it should work like this.

Answer 1

Try removing the -std=c99. This disables the GNU extensions and thus prevents the POSIX macros from being defined in <features.h>, which prevents <unistd.h> from including <getopt.h>.
Or replace the flag by -std=gnu99.
Or include getopt.h yourself.

It is a GNU extension that getopt() is part of unistd.h. By setting -std=c99 no GNU extensions are used, the function is no longer declared and you need to explicitly include getopt.h.