I searched the internet far and wide looking for a way to query the WSUS database to view the number of updates that need to be installed on a server. I found a partial answer on the following blog, but this answer will assume if the update is pending approval it is still required by a server (WSUS assumes this in their UI as well).
http://theboywonder.co.uk/2010/11/04/sql-query-for-wsus-3-needed-updates/
I hope this solution is useful for others.
SELECT left(tbComputerTarget.FullDomainName,30) as [Machine Name]
,count(tbComputerTarget.FullDomainName) as [# of Missing patches]
,tbComputerTarget.LastSyncTime as [Last Sync Time]
FROM tbUpdateStatusPerComputer INNER JOIN tbComputerTarget ON tbUpdateStatusPerComputer.TargetID =
tbComputerTarget.TargetID
WHERE (NOT (tbUpdateStatusPerComputer.SummarizationState IN (’1′, ’4′))) AND
tbUpdateStatusPerComputer.LocalUpdateID IN (SELECT LocalUpdateID FROM dbo.tbUpdate WHERE UpdateID IN
(SELECT UpdateID FROM PUBLIC_VIEWS.vUpdateApproval WHERE Action=’Install’))
GROUP BY tbComputerTarget.FullDomainName, tbComputerTarget.LastSyncTime
ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC