Given the deep diagonals of Pascal's triangle:
1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
1st diagonal: 1 1 1 1 1 ...
2nd diagonal: 1 2 3 4 5 ...
3rd diagonal: 1 3 6 10 15 ...
4th diagonal: 1 4 10 20 35 ...
Is there an algorithm to compute the first k terms from any ith diagonal?
Yes, this is covered in Wikipedia. Here you go:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s_triangle#Calculating_a_row_or_diagonal_by_itself