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How are tags managed on websites to optimize them for search engines

Like here on Stack Overflow, when one asks a question, that question is now a tag of some page, is a new page created inside the the server with the name of the a tag so that search engines can find it, how does this work?

If no pages are created, where is this data of all the tags kept?

I see for this very page, Stack overflow haas this facebook tag.

<meta name="og:description" content="Like here on stack over flow, when one asks a question, that question is ">
Solution

  • The data is stored in a database.

    The pages are generated by having the HTTP server invoke a piece of software which examines the URL, fetches the appropriate data from the database, and outputs some HTML.

    There are numerous ways to do this including psgi, FastCGI, CGI, and wsgi.