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drycode-duplicationlilypond

What language mechanisms does Lilypond have for simple abbreviations, to avoid code duplication?

In , I often find myself writing things like this

\version "2.14.2"
{
  r2 c2 | gis'8 gis gis gis gis gis gis gis |
}

or this

\version "2.14.2"
{
  \time 3/4 \clef bass \relative es,
  {
    <es \parenthesize es'>8\staccato g bes
    <es, \parenthesize es'>8\staccato g c
  }
}

where I repeatedly double some note one octave higher, parenthesized.

I have scoured the Lilypond documentation, but have not found easy mechanisms to avoid this duplication. A more complex way is apparently to write a music function, but that seems to require stepping out into Scheme.

The only mechanism I have found to date is one for which I don't understand the mechanism:

\version "2.14.2"
S = #staccato
P = #parenthesize
{
  \time 3/4 \clef bass \relative es,
  {
    <es \P es'>8\S g bes <es, \P es'>8\S g c
  }
}

So: How can I write my own slightly more complex abbreviations in Lilypond, without escaping to Scheme?

Update. I edited back part of my question, to indicate that (1) I'm currently using 2.14.2, which is current on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS; (2) in my second example, after the bes I want to go back to the previous es, not one octave higher: and since I'm always working in \relative mode I intentionally wrote es,; (3) I'm looking for a way to abbreviate things like 'this note with the same one an octave higher, parenthesised'.

Solution

  • So it seems you have two questions here. For the first one, simply use the command \repeat unfold N { ...music... }, which is described in the documentation on this link. So your code above would become something like:

    \version "2.17.28"
{
  c2 \repeat unfold 8 {gis'8} r2
  es1 | \repeat unfold 2{<es \parenthesize es'>8\staccato g bes4}
}

    In case of chords, there is the special command q which repeats the last chord (it only repeat the pitches and it carries no information about duration, articulation, dynamics, etc):

    \version "2.17.28"
{
  <a' c'' e''>4\p-> q q q |
  q-> q\ff q\p->\< q\! |
  d'8 e' q q q2 
}

    You can also define shorter parts of the code and use them in the main code, such as:

    \version "2.17.28"
A = {gis'8}
B = {<es \parenthesize es'>8\staccato g bes4}

{
  c2 \repeat unfold 8 {\A} r2 |
  es1 | \repeat unfold 2 {\B} | 
  \repeat unfold 16 {\A} |
  \repeat unfold 4 {\B}
}

    As for your second question, I am also starting to learn to use functions on LilyPond. But well, it seems your code is equivalent to this code here, which is the most basic function (as far as I knew) in LilyPond:

    \version "2.17.28"
S = #(define-event-function (parser location) ()
  #{ \staccato #}
)

P = #(define-event-function (parser location) ()
  #{ \parenthesize #}
)

{
es1 | <es \P es'>8\S g bes <es, \P es'>\S g bes 
}

    So if you just want to substitute some long text into your code, you can use this template: functionname = #(define-event-function (parser location) () #{ text #}), where functionname and text have to be changed, but the rest should remain the same. Applied, it looks like this:

    \version "2.17.28"
test = #(define-event-function (parser location) ()
  #{ ^"test"\fermata\trill->\pp #}
)
{c''1\test | d'' }

    For something still a bit more complex, look at this example which is a music-function using notes as argument. Note how you can then manipulate where the arguments will be in the final output:

    \version "2.17.28"
func = 
#(define-music-function
  (parser location notes)
  (ly:music?)
  #{ 
    % generates 2 low pitches with cross notehead
    \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'cross
    g,8 a,

    % reverts back to the normal noteheads and uses the notes in the argument of the function
    \revert Staff.NoteHead.style
    $notes   % these will be substituted by the arguments when you call this function on your main code

    % generates 4 low pitches with cross notehead
    \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'cross
    g,8 a, b, c
    % reverts back to the normal noteheads for the rest of the code
    \revert Staff.NoteHead.style
  #}
)

{
  \func { c''4 } | d''1
}

    Now if you want to do something more complex, then you will need to really study the documentation regarding music functions and try a lot by yourself. You can also check this and this links out.