I discoverd entry_points of setuptools:
http://pythonhosted.org/setuptools/setuptools.html#dynamic-discovery-of-services-and-plugins
quote: setuptools supports creating libraries that “plug in” to extensible applications and frameworks, by letting you register “entry points” in your project that can be imported by the application or framework.
But I have not seen a project using them.
Are there examples of projects which use them?
If not, why are they not used?
There are loads of examples. Any project that defines console scripts uses them, for example. A quick search on GitHub gives you plenty to browse through.
I'll focus on one specific example (one that is not on GitHub): Babel.
Babel uses both entry_points
for both console scripts and to define extension points for translatable text extraction. See their setup.py
source:
if have_setuptools:
extra_arguments = dict(
zip_safe = False,
test_suite = 'babel.tests.suite',
tests_require = ['pytz'],
entry_points = """
[console_scripts]
pybabel = babel.messages.frontend:main
[distutils.commands]
compile_catalog = babel.messages.frontend:compile_catalog
extract_messages = babel.messages.frontend:extract_messages
init_catalog = babel.messages.frontend:init_catalog
update_catalog = babel.messages.frontend:update_catalog
[distutils.setup_keywords]
message_extractors = babel.messages.frontend:check_message_extractors
[babel.checkers]
num_plurals = babel.messages.checkers:num_plurals
python_format = babel.messages.checkers:python_format
[babel.extractors]
ignore = babel.messages.extract:extract_nothing
python = babel.messages.extract:extract_python
javascript = babel.messages.extract:extract_javascript
""",
)
Tools like pip
and zc.buildout
use the console_scripts
entry point to create commandline scripts (one called pybabel
, running the main()
callable in the babel.messages.frontend
module).
The distutils.commands
entry points defines additional commands you can use when running setup.py
; these can be used in your own projects to invoke Babel command-line utilities right from your setup script.
Last, but not least, it registers its own checkers and extractors. The babel.extractors
entry point is loaded by the babel.messages.extract.extract
function, using the setuptools
pkg_resources
module, giving access to all installed Python projects that registered that entry point. The following code looks for a specific extractor in those entries:
try:
from pkg_resources import working_set
except ImportError:
pass
else:
for entry_point in working_set.iter_entry_points(GROUP_NAME,
method):
func = entry_point.load(require=True)
break
This lets any project register additional extractors; simply add an entry point in your setup.py
and Babel can make use of it.