Why do empty JavaScript arrays evaluate to true in conditional structures?

Question

I was encountering a lot of bugs in my code because I expected this expression:

Boolean([]); to evaluate to false.

But this wasn't the case as it evaluated to true.

Therefore, functions that possibly returned [] like this:

// Where myCollection possibly returned [ obj1, obj2, obj3] or []
if (myCollection)
{
  // ...

} else
{
  // ...
}

did not do expected things.

Am I mistaken in assuming that [] an empty array should evaluate to false?

Also, Is this behavior consistent in all browsers? Or are there any gotchas there too? I observed this behavior in Google Chrome by the way.

Answer 1

From http://www.sitepoint.com/javascript-truthy-falsy/

The following values are always falsy:

• false
• 0 (zero)
• 0n (BigInt zero)
• "" (empty string)
• null
• undefined
• NaN (a special Number value meaning Not-a-Number!)

All other values are truthy, including "0" (zero in quotes), "false" (false in quotes), empty functions, empty arrays ([]), and empty objects ({}).

Regarding why this is so, I suspect it's because JavaScript arrays are just a particular type of object. Treating arrays specially would require extra overhead to test Array.isArray(). Also, it would probably be confusing if true arrays behaved differently from other array-like objects in this context, while making all array-like objects behave the same would be even more expensive.