I am learning how to program in Android and I am using Android Developer Tools to deploy and test on a Samsung GT-5830L
If I decide to root this device and install cyanogenmod will I be able to deploy and test ?, or is it posible that certain parts of the Android Api get broken in this process
whether you are rooted or not, certain api calls to hardware features will act differently from stock android versus any skinned android OS.
Cameras functions will be unreliable, reading files from SD cards and other I/O functions like sqlite databases can function unreliably, fragment activities can behave ways different than documented, positioning services may not work as expected, image manipulation won't address different heap sizes, direct interfacing with certain wireless radios will also give different results
Using a rooted phone with a modified OS will just further remove you from reality (than if you use stock android, as a starting point), as you make code that works and doesn't crash on your device, but as soon as you release it into the wild, even stock android users experience crashes you couldn't have foreseen.