Is it possible to equally distribute left and right space for b
in @"|-[a(5)]-[b(8)]-[c(5)]-|"
using visual format strings?
No.
However, you can do it with visual format and a manual constraint creation. Change your VFL string to:
@"|-[a(5)]->=0-[b(8)]->=0-[c(5)]-|"
This says that you're not too concerned about the actual size of the spaces between a and b, and b and c.
Now, create a constraint pinning the center of b to the center of the superview using constraintWithItem:...
(I'm typing this on a phone so forgive me for not spelling out the whole method).
This, coupled with your flexible spacing, will give even spaces to the left and right of b.