Add count of unique / distinct values by group to the original data

I wish to count the number of unique values by grouping of a second variable, and then add the count to the existing data.frame as a new column. For example, if the existing data frame looks like this:

  color  type
1 black chair
2 black chair
3 black  sofa
4 green  sofa
5 green  sofa
6   red  sofa
7   red plate
8  blue  sofa
9  blue plate
10 blue chair

I want to add for each color, the count of unique types that are present in the data:

  color  type unique_types
1 black chair            2
2 black chair            2
3 black  sofa            2
4 green  sofa            1
5 green  sofa            1
6   red  sofa            2
7   red plate            2
8  blue  sofa            3
9  blue plate            3
10 blue chair            3

I was hoping to use ave, but can't seem to find a straightforward method that doesn't require many lines. I have >100,000 rows, so am also not sure how important efficiency is.

It's somewhat similar to this issue: Count number of observations/rows per group and add result to data frame

Solution

Using ave (since you ask for it specifically):

within(df, { count <- ave(type, color, FUN=function(x) length(unique(x)))})

Make sure that type is character vector and not factor.

Since you also say your data is huge and that speed/performance may therefore be a factor, I'd suggest a data.table solution as well.

require(data.table)
setDT(df)[, count := uniqueN(type), by = color] # v1.9.6+
# if you don't want df to be modified by reference
ans = as.data.table(df)[, count := uniqueN(type), by = color]

uniqueN was implemented in v1.9.6 and is a faster equivalent of length(unique(.)). In addition it also works with data.frames/data.tables.