Take p01's MATRAKA.
I base64'ing the content served at the URI linked, and put it in a data URI:
data:text/html;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAABPkAAAABCAAAAACJPCS6AAADIElEQVR4Xm1UYW+qSBR9P6XJRpmBYZgBRIU3TbDdvm02Jlttt1uNL0EZC3kKZhhRW/vfd0Zst0nXD8O595x74N4Lfhuy6YgNE5lhkRRpuUZ3TbQoK7TAlTysOF5U1T3fS2ZsyiqXeVmEy3zP00iWm5BEK76U6rLLU5mFlJBWlPH8OZMNnieLX8+i3BZp+BshxECcGWkikzDZpnnp7JJaSSoe+Ojh1+rHKL+L43jwz93fk5vJmpLbQax/6vw93t2QOB4O0iZ+jic/bsiTkhuzaFkKIJnbCUgkbTuCw6mcsVcZSrQNZcvvOV2sblCH0vGCAHfRPqRuzx4BaKoadAgD/yN4+Uy9nZ2VrWV97/FOBLnF5rJMwBgY1KOkS4lHvU6XqMB3iW9Mgby8pKRNO9A6Qa/tw5kp2/0AaVfqdk1wmvCm3AHpUN8nak4U0QA6vvXBUPsTF/gQosa3+7NzPJ6NIIwmrOC7i1jPEnAV4s0qOYCKy9tCclEnK7DcFgu9s4s5qNEOvuZLUEPB5VYUFzv8aNf4MRriqhQSzGGUsQVu1sfI0SPEzIuCiz9OGeeEH/Weoyt2BwSb4MVWCF7I+3zNHRdGY522ezBKsChlIjkAok096KgJYwqjARNOP4rZR5uDprsoZVNqx4igeDYlx4FltTy11v9L8q/Jry/Aa830OxDpZvHjJYEJXuar1YgvJKAdops2a/yA9FUpDs3c18ke0MBULUCkVcL0XQitzHFPwu75bLzG+tNgRlatgGFNhUm7tjbSq/F7SPmcIbSMltFUWp5re67yr/HWdNWYTrA2PQVnSgYN2Dyx/O56xIdPrB/YHjGVBl0zz7V677UflVA57xl4122hmVrXJlCsxtxqQKN2Trdc6pIX9vRJqNPcOsOv4gO7VuInJbl+5xQTqZYYdXsOUHbmlWp+b46tfgAV8cB0dGVpZvzWzEv/g4Cp8RehF/4wvjeQoc5R/GdszKaDNp3hajuvpAAJTkWyu10nzxwsEEHCzFoZ8lyUOT0TeFasehpYMYT/cYR8IaHievZp+kejqXbhG5rgVVluWB/Cb/8C9spiFDxjYW52YXMgaWQ9Yz48aW1nIHNyYz0jIG9ubG9hZD1mb3IoYT1jLmdldENvbnRleHQoJzJkJyksaT1lPScnLFM9U3RyaW5nLmZyb21DaGFyQ29kZTthLmRyYXdJbWFnZSh0aGlzLGktLSwwKSx0PWEuZ2V0SW1hZ2VEYXRhKDAsMCwxLDEpLmRhdGFbMF07KWUrPVModCk7KDEsZXZhbCkoZSk+
The Content-Type fits, it's the same as they use to serve it over HTTP. But nothing happens in Chrome when navigating to the URI. Not even a web console error message is shown. It works in Firefox.
Why does it work in Chrome over HTTP but not using the Data URI scheme?
That's basically because the source HTML does not contain any <html> and <body> tags. If you put them and re-encode the whole, you'll get a better result.