SWRL: How to use the built-in swrlb:booleanNot?

Question

I am using Protege 3.4.8. Say I have some instances with a datatype property colors and object property hasMeaning. The value of colors are represented by a string, e.g. red blue yellow.

I'd like to create a rule like this: If one's colors contain red but no blue, then it has the meaning Happy. My current rule is written as below:

colors(?x, ?y)
∧ swrlb:contains(?y, "red")
∧ swrlb:booleanNot(true, swrlb:contains(?y,"blue"))
→ hasMeaning(?x, Happy)

But I got Error: Expecting ',' or ')', got '('.

I followed the grammar provided here.

Any idea of what's wrong here? Thank you very much!

Answer 1

The abstract syntax for SWRL has this grammar for atoms:

atom ::= description '(' i-object ')'
     | dataRange '(' d-object ')'
     | individualvaluedPropertyID '(' i-object i-object ')'
     | datavaluedPropertyID '(' i-object d-object ')' 
     | sameAs '(' i-object i-object ')' 
     | differentFrom '(' i-object i-object ')'
     | builtIn '(' builtinID { d-object } ')'
builtinID ::= URIreference

The syntax for a builtIn atom takes a list of d-objects as arguments. The production for d-object is:

d-object ::= d-variable | dataLiteral

The atom booleanNot( true, contains( ?string, "red" )) is malformed because contains( ?string, "red" ) is not a d-object, but an atom.