How do I populate my domain model from my repository if my properties have private setters?

Question

In the domain core of my application, I have an Order object. It has private setters, since those properties should not be modified willy-nilly, but only within the context of performing one of the public functions on the object.

public class Order
{
    public int Id { get; private set; }
    public int MarketplaceId { get; private set; }
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }
    public OrderStatus Status { get; private set; }

    public bool Validate() { //stuff }
    public void Fulfill()
    {
        //messes with order status, etc.
    }

}

I have an OrderRepository for data access, which lives on the outer edges of my architecture, which has a GetOrderById(int orderId) function. This function pulls from the database to populate an Order object. I need to be able to populate my Order object, but I'd rather not expose the properties as public, since any other application or service utilizing the Order object should not be setting those properties. How can I architect this to populate the Order object from the repository but still retain my encapsulation on the Order object?

It seems like doing this through one or more constructors (overloads) would be messy, but I'm not sure what else to do.

Answer 1

That Order is an object but I'm quite certain is NOT a Domain object. Validate() and Fulfill() have no place there, but that's another story.

It doesn't matter if you're using an ORM, it does matter how the object state is stored. In your case the most straighforward way is to either use AutoMapper to map from EF entities to the Order or (and I favor this approach) to have a OrderStateSave DTO which will be passed as a constructor argument.

Personally I prefer to serialize directly the object so restore is a trivial deserialize. To keep it simple, this means I have a column Serialized next to the PK column. It's a additional step when saving but it's easy one.