Is it possible to add a cronjob without using the crontab command? (Or anything else except editing files directly.) Is there a file I need to edit?
You can directly edit the following files:
/etc/crontab
/etc/cron.d/*
/etc/cron.{hourly,daily,weekly,monthly}/*
These are system-wide files. In these files you must specify a username before the command to be executed.
In contrast, per-user crontabs are stored here:
/var/spool/cron/<username>