Cannot assign null to anonymous property of type array

I have any array of (Pilot) objects with a (Hanger) property, which may be null, which itself has a (List<Plane>) property. For testing purposes, I want to simplify and 'flatten' this to an anonymous object with properties PilotName (string) and Planes (array) but not sure how to handle a null Hanger property or an empty PlanesList.

(Why anonymous objects? Because the objects of the API I'm testing are read only and I want the test to be 'declarative': self contained, simple and readable... but I'm open to other suggestions. Also I'm trying to learn more about LINQ.)

example

class Pilot
{
    public string Name;
    public Hanger Hanger;
}

class Hanger
{
    public string Name;
    public List<Plane> PlaneList;
}

class Plane
{
    public string Name;
}

[TestFixture]
class General
{
    [Test]
    public void Test()
    {
        var pilots = new Pilot[]
        {
            new Pilot() { Name = "Higgins" },
            new Pilot()
            {
                Name = "Jones", Hanger = new Hanger()
                {
                    Name = "Area 51",
                    PlaneList = new List<Plane>()
                    {
                        new Plane { Name = "B-52" },
                        new Plane { Name = "F-14" }
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        var actual = pilots.Select(p => new
        {
            PilotName = p.Name,
            Planes = (p.Hanger == null || p.Hanger.PlaneList.Count == 0) ? null : p.Hanger.PlaneList.Select(h => ne
            {
                PlaneName = h.Name
            }).ToArray()
        }).ToArray();

        var expected = new[] {
            new { PilotName = "Higgins", Planes = null },
            new
            {
                PilotName = "Jones",
                Planes = new[] {
                    new { PlaneName = "B-52" },
                    new { PlaneName = "F-14" }
                }
            }
        };

        Assert.That(actual, Is.EqualTo(expected));
    }

The immediate problem is that the line expected... Planes = null errors with,

Cannot assign to anonymous type property but admit the underlying problem may be that using null in actual is using null is not the best approach in the first place.

Any ideas how to either assign the null array in expected or take a different approach than null in actual?

Solution

There are two things happening:

Firstly, when you construct an instance of an anonymous type using new { Name = Value}, in order to build the type the compiler needs to be able to work out the type of Value. Just null on its own doesn't have a type, so the compiler wouldn't know what type to give your Planes member.

Now, if you were using a named type for the value, you could just say (type)null and be done, BUT because you want an array of another anonymous type, there's no way to refer to is (it's anonymous!).

So how do you get null typed as array of an anonymous type? Well, the C# spec guarantees that anonymous types with members the same names and types (in the same order!) are unified; that is, if we say

var a = new { Foo = "Bar" };
var b = new { Foo = "Baz" };

then a and b have the same type. We can use this fact to get our suitably-typed null thus:

var array = (new[] { new { PlaneName = "" } });
array = null;

It's not pretty but it works - now array has the right type but a null value. So this compiles:

var array = new[] {
  new {
    PlaneName = ""
  }
};
array = null;

var expected = new[] {
  new {
    PilotName = "Higgins",
    Planes = array
  },
  new {
    PilotName = "Higgins",
    Planes = new[] {
      new {
        PlaneName = "B-52"
      },
      new {
        PlaneName = "F-14"
      }
    }
  }
};