Being a hobbyist coder, I'm lacking some fundamental knowledge. For the last couple days I've been reading some stuff and the word "predicate" keeps reappearing. I'd very much appreciate an explanation on the subject.
The definition of a predicate, which can be found online in various sources such as here, is:
A logical expression which evaluates to TRUE or FALSE, normally to direct the execution path in code.
Referencing: Software Testing. By Mathew Hayden (dead link / unknown origin)