It is possible to obtain ids of subcategories, with
cmprop=ids
parameter for list=categorymembers
query.
But I cant find a way to obtain the same for supercategories list for prop=categorymembers
query.
I tried with
clprop=ids
by analogy, but failed (this parameter was ignored).
This happens basically because in MediaWiki, the relation is between a page (the subcategory) and a category name (the supercategory). So, some page can have a supercategory that doesn't exist (doesn't have a pageid) and this is also how the relation is stored in the database.
I think this is the reason why prop=categories
doesn't show you article ids. You can work around that by using a generator that shows you the id for each page in the list of supercategories. Something like: