Why doesn't my display: table-cell element fill available space?

Update - I've decided against the JavaScript solution. The only way to make sure it always works is to put it in setInterval() going every few seconds. Don't want to do that. I know this CSS is possible, I've seen it work. I'll re-open the bounty for more like 150 if it ends.

I have a modal popup made up of two sections: left and right. Within both sections are a label above and the content below. The label is fixed at a certain number of pixels, but the bottom area needs to be able to fill the remaining space, so I'm using display:table on the left and right sides and display: table-cell on the inner sections to achieve the "fill remaining space" effect. It works great in Chrome and Safari.

Here's the CSS:

#tagBoxLeft,#tagBoxRight {
    display: table;
    height: 100%;
    width: 50%;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    opacity: 0;
}
#tagBoxLeft { left: 0 }
#tagBoxDescription {
    display: table-row;
    -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 20px;
    width: 100%;
    word-break: break-all;
    word-wrap: break-word;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #FFF;
    -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #FFF;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #FFF;
}
.nano {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: table-cell;
}
#taglabel {
    display: table-row;
    z-index: 10000;
    border-top: 1px solid #FFF;
    width: 100%;
    height: 39px;
}

And it just makes a bunch of divs into a table so they can have heights that are relative to each other. Also notice that the left and right sides are relative to the browser window, so that's why I can't just use percentages.

However, in Firefox and Opera, the #tagBoxLeft and #tagBoxRight sides sections refuse to accept height:100%; while they have display:table;. So it won't force the bottom sections up responsively.I know Firefox & Opera support this normally (see http://jsfiddle.net/Qxswa/). But why does all my content overflow in Firefox and Opera?

Here's a screenshot of the issue:

Solution

Here's an alternative to using display:table and friends, which uses the oft-neglected ability of absolutely positioned elements to have both their top and bottom (and left and right) values set. It essentially 'sticks' the top and bottom edge, giving you a height relative to a container, but without explicitly setting a height.

UDPATED: As Jackson mentioned, the CSS-only version of this code doesn't provide an auto-height, fixed panel in the column. A simple bit of JS will fix that - you'd just need to set a sensible default height for users without JS. The JS only needs to run when you load the modal, not at intervals.

Here's the updated fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/cxY7D/5

and here's the simplified HTML:

<div id="modal">
      <div class="left">
          <div class="description">
            <h1>#tag_name</h1>
            <dl>
             <dt>Tags</dt> <dd>27</dd>
            </dl>
          </div>
          <div class="contents">
            <div class="header">            
              <h2>Featured</h2>
            </div>
            <ol>
              <li>Something Something</li>
              <li>...</li>
            </ol>
          </div>
      </div>
      <div class="right">
        <div class="contents">
          <div class="header">
            <h2>Recent</h2>
          </div>
          <ol>
            <li>Something Something</li>
            <li>...</li>
          </ol>
        </div>
      </div>
  </div>

and CSS:

body {
      background:#444;
    }
     #modal {
       background:#FFF;
       position: absolute;
       top: 4em;
       bottom: 4em;
       left: 6em;
       right: 6em;
     }

     #modal .left,
     #modal .right {
       position:absolute;
       top: 0;
       bottom: 0;
     }

     #modal .left {
       background:#ACF9E4;
       left: 0;
       right:50%;
     }

     #modal .right {
       background:#FCFFCD;
       right: 0;
       left:50%;
     }

     #modal .contents {
      position:absolute;
      top: 0;
      bottom: 0;
      width: 100%;
      overflow-y:auto;
     }

     #modal .description {
       height: 8em;
     }

     #modal .description + .contents {
       top: 10em;
   }

     #modal .header,
     #modal .description,
     .contents li {
       border-bottom:1px solid #CCC;
       padding: 1em;
     }

     #modal .description dt {
       float: left;
       padding-right: 1em;
     }

It's a really useful and robust technique. A lot of people get the shudders when you mention 'absolute positions', but used like this, it's really liberating!

The JS (assuming jQuery)

$(function(){
    $('#modal').on('display', function(){
        //Calculate the height of the top left panel, and provide the remaining space to the bottom left
        var leftColumn = $(this).find('.left'),
            descriptionHeight = leftColumn.find('.description').height('auto').outerHeight(); //Set the height to auto, then read it

        leftColumn.find('.contents').css('top', descriptionHeight)//Apply the height to the scrolling contents pane     
    });

    $('#modal').trigger('display');
});

The JS resets the top-left pane to auto-height, then reads the height and applies it as the top co-ordinate of the bottom-left panel. It's applied as a custom event, so you can trigger it as part of your modal display code.

Here's an answer I gave, using a similar technique, and more explanations of the hows and whys: The Impossible Layout?. Check the A list apart article for more discussion, and some simple fixes that make it work in IE6 (if you care about that).