I've got it sending the user agent already:
<input type='hidden' name='user-agent' value='<?php echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']; ?>'/><input type="submit" value="Send User Agent" />
I've done my research and there is some code out there that sadly doesn't work. It's other people with problems asking for help themselves.
How can I go about sending screen resolutions using php forms?
you will not get the screen resolution from the server IMHO... you could let the form be rendered and then use javascript to update a form input with the correct information
HTML
<input id="browser-resolution" type="hidden" name="resolution" value="">
and afterwards as a script
<script>
document.getElementById('browser-resolution').value = screen.width + "x" + screen.height;
</script>
EDIT: added fiffle