Does someone know of an Intermapper probe to test if a SQL database is alive and kick'n?
Plan B: Does someone know the basic steps with are necessary to program such a probe?
According to Wikipedia InterMapper supports SNMP. pgsnmpd is a SNMP agent for PostgreSQL readily available. You can connect both right out of the box(es).
Otherwise: InterMapper said to be written in Java. It also stores its own data in PostgreSQL. This CALLS for either a generic JDBC-probe or at least one for PostgreSQL right from the start. So the best solution is to call them and persuade them to provide such a probe by default - if they don't do that already somewhere.
Regarding Plan B: The support page has a document describing the process for creating custom probes. A quick glance over it leaves three options:
psql
to connect to the DB and issue some silly command seems not to complicated too. And of course you can use the contributed probes page to get enough examples - the MS-SQL probe in the "Application Monitoring Probes" section might be a good start.